片头片尾独白整理+每集短评
# S02E01 【Change】
One thing is certain, unlike old Doc Frankenstein, we can't exchange our brain for another. Like it or not, we are stuck with the three pounds of cauliflower we were born with.
Can people really change?
Is our personality genetically preprogrammed or is it malleable?
The science of neuroplasticity suggests that our brain has the ability to change and grow through our life.
In essence, our experiences rewire us. They can make us do or think things previously undoable or unthinkable? They can provoke us into forming new thoughts and ideas. And they can teach us valuable lessons making us less inclined to repeat the mistakes of our past.
The brain is in a constant state of flux, suggesting that nothing in life is permament.
And yet, as they say, the more the things change, the more they stay the same.
脑子被枪打过（怪不得上海人骂人会用这句），大概是人发生big change的少数可行途径之一。
其他情形，只能靠经历和学习，一点点地rewire大脑的认知区域，一点点地往自己期望的方向change。
# S02E02 【Love】
How does love rewire the brain?
When we meet somebody new and exciting, they invade our synapses like a virus, triggering neurochemicals that feed into attraction, arousal, even obsessions.
We get distracted. When you think about that special someone all the time, even in the middle of a brilliant stimulating lecture, we are not just thinking about them, we're building an internal model, a simulation that help us predict what they'll think or how they'll feel.
Of course, relationships get into trouble when the simulatjion meets reality which begs the question, do we really fall in love with another person, or just with our idea of who they are?
Why do we bother with relationships?
Neuropsychiatrists say that we're hardwired to crave intimate connections.
we long for love, of course, the reality is, it usually ends in heartache, leaving our delicate psyches bruised, if not completely shattered.
Why do we even bother playing those odds?
I guess, because we only have to get it right onece. And when it's right, we know it. Even the memory of a fulfilling relaitonship can sustain us. And remind us that, although we maybe feeling down at this particular moment, we've never truly alone.
你爱的是这个人的本体，还是你想像出来的分身，最好搞搞清楚，不过有时候不大容易搞的清楚。
不管怎样，最好在结婚前搞清楚。结了婚的嘛，还是算了，糊涂点为好，非要搞清楚的话，没准会有黄粱一梦的风险，罪过哦。
# S02E03【 vision or illusion】
Human mind has evolved to perceive patter and meaning in almost everything. This tendency is known as "pareidolia".
We see with more than our eyes, we also see with our brains.
"Change blindness" happens when there a change in visual stimulus that goes unnoticed by the observer, because they're focused on other things.
What if I told all of you that you're partially blind, that right now, you think you're seeing the world as it truly is, but in actuality you're missing something. It's true.
See, everytime we open our eyes, light shines onto our retina. Nerve cells called photoreceptores interpret the light, transmit the information to our brain. And that's how we see.
But there's a small area on our retina where there are no photoreceptors. This is called a scotoma, or blind spot. We all have one.
So if that's true, how is it that we never notice a black area in our field of vision?
The reason you never noticed your blind spot is because your brain is great at guessing what should be there and automatically filling in the blank.
Sometimes, we know what we want to see, and our neo-cortex turns that expectation into a kind of virtual reality which means that some of the world we see is really just an illusion.
A scary thought, when you consider how vulnerable that make us.
So how do we uncover our blind spots? how do we ever fully see the truth that's right in front of our eyes?
Well, a good place to start is to simply open your mind, because as the French philosopher Henri Bergson said," The eye sees only the mind is prepared to comprehend".
亲眼所见难道还不可信吗？亲，还真的不可信。
在视觉形成过程中，眼睛和大脑是一个team，再明亮的眼睛遇见猪一样的队友，睁眼说瞎话、自己把自己卖了还帮人数钞票，也并不是不可能地。
所以，如果大脑ambush了你，请悄悄地把眼泪拭去，然后默默地，对大脑皮层进行碎片整理，最好重新分个区。
# S02E04 【Secret】
When you have a dark deep secret, the one you've never told a soul, there's war going on in your brain.
Our best guess is that your cingulate cortex desperately wants to tell the truth, but your orbital prefrontal cortex is simulating how bad things will be if you actually spill the beans.
If your prefrontal cortex wins, your level of stress hormones goes up, if your cingulate cortex wins, your stress level drops.
So, if it's biologically healthies to confess our secrets, what is it about human nature that makes us fight so hard to keep them hidden?
Freud once said"no mortal can keep a secret, if his lips are silient, he chatter with his finger-tips, betrayal oozed out of every pore ". I think old Sigmund might have been onto something.
Although we may be desperate to keep our secrets, the harder we try to bury them, the more the rise to the surface. We are neurologically compelled to confess. And that's a good thing.
Confession is good for the body, for the brain, it might be good for the soul, if you believe in that sort of thing.
"Genetic Sexual attraction"：Our DNA compells us to connect with our genetic tribe. But psychological imprinting and social taboo overwhelm sexual dersire when siblings are raised together.But when two people are unware of their biological bond, they're drawn to each other.
我有一个秘密，不能让别人知道。
我说梦话，床伴知道了，我干掉床伴；干掉床伴的时候，被捡垃圾的看见了，我干掉捡垃圾的；干掉捡垃圾的时候，被修路灯的看见了，我干掉修路灯的；干掉修路灯的时候，被XXX看见了，我干掉XXX，，，，
我好累，但是我得守住这个秘密，终于有一天，我死了，这个秘密终于安全了。
看吧，只有死人才能保守秘密，这是看罪案剧的常识。
脑科学说了，保守秘密会增加压力，压力大可是会致癌的亲。坦白多好啊，说出来你会如沐春风的
来，亲你有啥秘密，快告诉我，我保证不告诉别人。。。
# S02E05【reality or fantasy】
Would it surprise you to learn the world in your mind is mostly a fantasy?
We get to know people by taking a few small cules that we have about them and processing it all throught a neural filter laden with our own personal biases.
We rely on our mind to fill in the blanks of their identity. but who the people in our lives really are, their essence?
That's in their brains, not ours.
The reality is , until the next high school dropout from silicon valley invents a way for us to literally plug into the brains of another person, we can never really know who they are.
All we can do is arm ourselves with what we know to be true, our feelings, love,anger,longing,happiness,fear,friendship, these are the brain's guidance system, it's true north.
And if we can manage to trust them, they can usually help us find what we're looking for.
大脑不仅帮助我们感知physical world，还帮助我们建立mental world。
physical world是靠视觉、听觉、触觉等知觉感知建立的，也就是人类达成共识的山川河流、日月星辰的这个physical world。
mental world是靠认知建立的精神世界，这是属于个人的世界，可以存在事实上不存在、但你却认为存在的人或事物。
——正好在读的《making up the mind》
# S02E06【improvement】
Hemispherectomy is used to remove the diseased left half of the brain. Amazingly, speech and other functions once controlled by the left hemisphere, will eventually develop in the right.
Hemispherectomies not only save lives, they also show us that to be fully human only takes half a brain.
As for the rest of you, does that mean you have a lot more brain power than you really need? or does it mean that you have vast amounts of unrealized potential?
why are humans constantly striving for improvement?
much of our ambition is driven by our large prefrontal cortex,which is why we're in this classroom and not in the jungle eating bananas.
Everyday, we dream about new technological advancements,upgraded cellphones, faster computers, new medical techniques.
Science seems to have unlimited potential, and many of these advancements really do make our lives better.
Sometimes, I think in our striving for improvement,we lose sight of something just as important.maybe we should try to accept what's already pretty good about ourselves.
And not everything needs fixing, Morzart's music is 200 years old. it doesn't require any upgrade, it's perfect just the way it is.
大脑到底有多powerful，这是个没有定论的问题。
但这集里提到大脑的自我修复能力，已经有不少实验结果支持。
曾经看到过几个类似的案例，是讲人的大脑受到创伤之后，可以在未损伤的区域重新开发原有功能的能力，
这种能力的发现是振奋人心的，毕竟，这比壁虎断尾续生可要酷多了。
案件中的DBS，deep brain stimulator，微创方式安装在人脑中，用电动力控制脑部出现的tremor或seizure，以此帮助病人。
btw，这玩意真的存在，google上能查出DBS专利的相关信息。多么神奇的技术，不可思议，是吗？
然而，科技的进步仿佛也是无极限的，每隔几年，都会有一批科技，从“不可思议”变成“理所当然”，科技带来的不仅有生活模式的改变，也有商业模式的改变，这些改变在我们生命的每个层面、每个细节，从渗透到浸润。
最后吐个槽，小提琴手这位仁兄，是影视界搞音乐的职业病人么，刚看见他在《royal pains》里拉小提琴时摔坏了脑袋，这会又在这儿又成了帕金森患者。。这也算术业有专攻么。
#S02E07 【miracle or mistake】
we want to believe that the brain is all-powerful, that there is nothing we can't learn, nothing we can't conquer if we just set our minds to it .
but despite the brain's elegance and effiency,there is some things the power of the mind just cannot do.sometimes when we're faced with an intractable problem,it is not brain that can solve it ,it is the heart.
人类在极度绝望的时候，就会求助于非科学。
比如，教授带着妈妈乱投医
比如，这里面的没死于脑癌却死于枪击的倒霉蛋，忍受不了脑癌的痛苦，求助于NeuroPositive Integration coach。
这个coach的理念是，一切精神上的wounds，都会以病痛的形式加诸于肉体。
“你心怀愧疚，所以生脑癌了，你去自首，心灵上解脱了，所以脑癌就自己好了，你看，不是还有CT片子证明我的观点吗！而且你反悔了，头就又疼了不是。”证据与结论匹配的多么完美啊，这是psychic们自以为很科学的视角。
“脑瘤不可能靠意念治愈，一定是哪儿搞错了”，这是脑科学家自以为很科学的视角。
在这一集，这个问题的结论很清楚，
我感觉bj的意思是，你们看，我早就告诉过你们了吧，不是miracle，只是个mistake。
但展开了讲，一些疾病不治而愈的真相是什么，人类需要更多的证据。
#S02E08 【heal】
Hope abounds in the world of neurotherapy thanks to embryonic cells in the brain known as neuroblasts. These tiny miracles form in the subventricle zone after a stroke, then zip over to the damaged tissue and make repairs.
Amazing，the brain has its own pit crew.
Now, neuroblast research is still in its infancy. but someday，instead of managing brain degeneration with medication, we may be able to help the brain heal itself.
life awaits.Meaningful friendships,inspiring work,independence,your place in the world,they're all just waiting outside your door.
Now imagine if that door was locked.
No key, side exits, you're trapped, while everybody else blossoms around you.
That's what it feels like growing up with a mental illness.
So, while Gamma knife surgery can disable the neurological circuit where this patient's OCD impulses form, it can make up for the lost time.
Of course, there are plenty of mental illnesses can not be fixed with surgery, but as Mr. Lewicki discovered during the weekend, neurologists are a crazy bunch, crazy enough to believe that if you could discover a viable cure for one illness, then eventually, you'll discover a cure for the next one, which means there's hope for all of us.
这集，有精神病史的教授，为了找证据给OCD病人洗脱罪名，居然扮作精神病（这还用扮吗，经验丰富啊）潜入精神病院做无间道，哈哈，这个设定还蛮带感的。
至于涉及到的脑科学，主要是大脑有一类神经细胞（neuroblasts）具有healing hands，这帮货就好比大脑专有的修理工一样，专注于修复受损的脑组织。这一发现给neurologist带来了希望，大家都设想着，没准哪天，精神病的治疗就能像现在治疗身体上的疾病一样简单可行啦。
哥，这么说，精神病治的好？
嗯，治的好的，药别停。。。
#S02E09 【Virus】
这集教授忙着会旧情人来着，没上课，没独白。
案例是，美国女战斗英雄被富二代战友强奸后，被传染了herpes virus（type II），更悲催的是，病毒进入大脑，引发了脑膜炎。
脑部发炎肿胀，使得病人表现出neurobehavioral disorder，即克鲁尔-布西症候群（Klüver-Bucy Syndrome），具体表现是，无法遏制自己的各种冲动（such as compulsive sexual behavior, oral fixation, lack of fear, the mood-swings），尤其以性冲动和往嘴里乱塞东西为代表。
这些症状的出现，一般意味着大脑的颞叶区（the temporal lobes）受损.
这集要我划重点的话，明显不是脑科学，必须得是#论安全性行为的重要性#啊。
案子还没完，结尾处，目测是女主FBI杀人了，这难道是女主不演了、要去生孩子的节奏吗？
#S02E10【Second chance】
上集的案子破了，同时，FBI姐姐的官司也雨过天晴。
原来那位连自己亲爹都嫌弃的蠢货本来是想设套诱杀女主，但不曾想FBI姐姐分析利弊后悄悄穿起避弹衣，莫名其妙完胜。
看来女主暂时不用去生孩子了。
这集案子的主题貌似跟脑科学没啥关系，
但是因为教授找回了第一春，所以在结尾处的课堂上大肆宣扬受损的大脑和低谷的人生都需要“second chance”：
There can be a second act for the brain，known as Acquired Savant Syndrome（后天性学者症候群）——devastated by injury, the brains of ordinary people can develop amazing new skills.
for example, a high school dropout is savagely attacked,he awakens able to draw mathematically accurate fractals by hand.
After a stroke, a doctor with no previous interest in art becomes a gifted painter, whose work adorns gallery walls and magazine pages.
So if our brains can have a second act, why not our lives?
我感觉，这种受损后却能奇迹地发展出从未有过的天赋的大脑，大概都是被God亲吻过的。。。
ps：里面还有个女战士，左脑受伤，患了Broca's aphasia(布罗卡氏失语症)，不能说话或写字，但是可以用唱歌的方式来表达，因为唱歌归右脑管。这个案例也好神奇。
半季终，半年后继续。。。
