CC 欧洲史 20200612-25,0825,0906.
1 Medieval Europe
Black Death (peak 1348-1350)
Great Schism(1378-1417)
Hundred Years War(1337-1453)
English vs. French
2 the Renaissance
Florence, Petrarch 彼特拉克
3 Northern Renaissance
-Moveable type printing, Gutenberg, German;
-Erasmus of Rotterdam,
-Machiavelli, Italian,1532, The Prince, realism;
-Christine de Pizan, born in Italy, lived in France, the city of ladies, idealism
4 exploration
Ottoman controlled the SE Europe;
葡 Portugal, a trading empire
1448, Dias, cape of good hope,
1498, Da Gama reached India
西 Spain, a colonies empire
Columbus,
1519-22, Magellan, circumnavigated the globe.
1519, invaded Mexico, Aztec empire, Inca empire
5 European expansion consequences
Colombian exchange
6 Protestant reformation
Papal monarchy
Martin Luther
7 reformation consequences
16th century
Holly Roman Empire
Russia, Ivan the terrible
Ottoman, Suleyman the magnificent
France, Jean Calvin, predestination; Henry IV.
England, Henry VIII, divorce, the War of the roses;Mary,married Philip of Spain; Elizabeth
Spain, Charles V, Philip II
8 slavery, commercial n agriculture revolutions
Enclosure
9 counter reformation
Catholics, counter reformation art, Baroque巴洛克
10 witchcraft
1560, witch hunt
11 17th century crisis
Little ice age, lower temperature;
Price Revolution, inflation
1618-1648, 30 years War, France, England, Sweden, Denmark, religion
12 scientific Revolution
1543,Copernicus, heliocentric
Galileo
Francis Bacon
Rene Descartes 笛卡尔
Isaac Newton
13 Absolute Monarchy
France, Louis XIV, 路易十四,1638-1715, the sun king
1660s, moved government from Paris to Versailles.
14 Constitutionalism n the English Civil War
1625, James I,
1649, Charles I, was defeated by Parliament Oliver Cromwell ;1660, Charles II
Mary n William III, replaced JamesII, Glorious Revolution
Thomas Hobbes, absolutism;
John Lock, human rights, free n equal.
15 the Dutch golden age
1568-1648, 80 years War, defeated Spain
Baruch de Spinoza斯宾诺莎
1665-67, 2nd Anglo-Dutch War, lost New Amsterdam (New York)
16 Eastern Europe consolidates
Poland-Lithuanian,
Sweden,
Ottoman,
Russia, Ivan IV, the terrible
17 the rise of Russia n Prussia
Russia, Peter,
Brandenburg Prussia
18 the enlightenment
Voltaire,
Montesquieu, Persian letters, the spirit of laws
Rousseau,卢梭，middle class values, The social contract, Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains.
Diderot, "All things must be examined, debated, investigated without exception n without regard for anyone's feelings."
Hume休谟
Adam Smith, 1776, 国富论, An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations.
Kant，康德
19 enlightened monarchy
Russia, Catherine the great, 叶卡捷琳娜
Prussia, Frederick the great , 腓特烈
Austria, Habsburg, Theresa, Joseph II
France, Louis XV,
Spain, the Bourbon reforms
20 18th century warfare
Wars of Spanish, Polish, Austrian succession;
Anglo-Indian wars,
French n Indian wars,
7 years War, French vs. British,
Russia, Pugachev Rebellion
21 The French Revolution
Louise XVI 的老婆，"Let them eat cake."
Estates General, 三级会议，clergy, aristocracy, ordinary people
Citizens of a community vs. subjects of a king.
22 Napoleon
1789-1799, The French Revolution
1815, defeated in Waterloo, Belgium
欲称霸整个欧洲
23 congress of Vienna n post-Napoleonic Europe
Holy Alliance, Russia, Prussian, Austrian.
Romanticism
24 the industrial revolution
1776, James Watt, steam engine
Aristocracy, peasants;
Bourgeoisie, proletariat, middle class
25 reform n revolution
1800s, Middle n South America ,Independent from Spain n Portugal, Bolivar
Utopian communities: 英Owen, 法Saint Simon, Fourier, Comte孔德
26 the revolutions of 1848
Hungry Forties, potato famine, Ireland
Freedom from governmental n structural oppression.
Disunity of revolutions leading to failure.
The communist manifesto.
27 Italian n German unification
1861, kingdom of Italy
Power politics, realism in politics
Bismarck, "The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions, but by blood and iron."
1871, the German Empire.
Opposed Catholicism.
Negative integration, find enemies or outcasts.
Positive integration, shared values and building consensus.
28 modern global expansion n resistance
China,
1840,first opium war,
1856, second opium war
Quinine, from cinchona bark, malaria, invasion of Africa's interior.
Scramble for Africa.
29 migration
1870-90, Britain, Germany
1890-1914, Austria-Hungary, Russian
30 modern life n women's activism
1885, German Karl Benz, internal combustion engine.
1891, French Armand Peugeot, automobile.
German, Bayer, aspirin.
1902, Krupp, arms manufacturer
31 modern thought n culture
32 the roads to WWI
1912, the 1st Balkan War, against Ottoman
Wasn't Europe- from Ireland to Russia- simply a violent place where individuals n governments alike, were always primed for war?
33 WWI many battle fields
1914-1918,
34 WWI, the struggle for peace
1919, Treaty of Versailles, the League of Nations
35 the Russian revolution n Civil War
1917, February/October Revolution;
1917-1922, Russian Civil War
1918, Constituent Assembly, the Bolsheviks won only a minority of the seats, forced the dismissal of the Assembly.
1919, established Communist International.
Bolshevik dictatorship, Red Terror, led by elite not by workers.
1921, Lenin, New Economic Policy
36 post-WWI society n economy
roaring 20s, consumer economy
Multinational corporations are a new form of empire.
1921, hyperinflation in Germany.
Gandhi, Civil disobedience,
Britain n the US' main values were greed n getting rich.
Weimar Republic
People r generally stupid n easy to manipulate. Tell big lies in politics, because people will more readily believe them, since they themselves mostly tell small lies in their everyday lives.--Hitler
37 economic depression n the dictators
38 WWII
39 soldiers n civilians at war
Evil is not the product of demented individuals, it is the product of demented social orders.
40 holocaust, genocide n mass murder
41 the Cold War
1949, the NATO,
1955, the Warsaw Pact
1949, George Orwell, 1984
42 European recovery, the welfare state, consumerism n the common market
1945-75, The 30 glorious years
法国存在主义Existentialism:
让-保罗·萨特Jean-Paul Sartre
阿尔贝·加缪Albert Camus
西蒙娜·德·波伏娃Simone de Beauvoir
43 colonies break from Europe
1947, India n Pakistan
1971, Bangladesh
1962, Algeria
1963, Kenya
Decolonize not just their countries but also their minds.
Neo-imperialism
44 Revolutions in science n technology
45 Protests east n west
Injustice n structural inequality
46 The Soviet Bloc Unwinds
Thatcher, Neo-liberalism; followed by Reagan n Kohl.
给富人减税，削减百姓福利，期待富人投资拉动经济。
47 Europe after communism
EU, promoting neoliberal business policies n emphasizing corporate profits over the well-being of workers.
48 Europe in the global age
49 21st century challenges
50 What history was, is, n will be?
